So here's the bedrock of my problem with the prequels - they never try to tell us that. At this point, the separatists haven't tried to separate, there is no war, presumably nothing illegal has been done. Everyone operates more on audience knowledge than character knowledge. We see the leaders of the bad guys there, we see the main characters there, so the Jedi and clones go there. There's no in-universe reason give in story for everyone ro show up there all of a sudden, having seemingly all sort of knowledge they should not have. My impression was that Lucas was so concerned with getting all the pieces in place that he never considered explaining why those pieces were in place. Why are the Jedi mounting a rescue when they don't know Anakin has been captured? Why are they sending a hundred Jedi? Why are they backed with an army? Why do they know exactly where it's all going down? It's all surface level in-for-the-ride, nothing has any actual in-story reason for happening other than because it needs to for the next story beat and/or to look cool with way too much CGI.
Imean, sure, if they knew they were in danger of execution. But, again, they have no way of knowing this. And even then, if they calculated that they'd need a hundred Jedi and a literal army to pull it off, maybe the deaths of three people would be less than the deaths of more than three people, which anyone could reasonably expect the outcome to be. If you want to argue they'd want to save the Chosen One, they send that dude on potentially deadly missions constantly, as we are told and see in Episode 2. They clearly trust him to be able to handle himself on missions.
ETA: We also know that this isn't SOP for the Jedi just because one doesn't check in for a minute. There was no Jedi strike force that appeared on Naboo for Qui-Gon and Obi-Wan.